In Part 1 of this article (TCI Magazine, October 2025), we introduced four foundational elements useful in diagnosing problems with trees and shrubs, represented by the acronym SPSD, and discussed the first “S,” which stands for “site,” and the “P,” [...]

Unlike corn or soybeans, trees are long-lived woody structures, high in carbon and endlessly complex. Unlike crops, they must continue growing and defending year after year, producing enough energy to get through the sleepy dormant season (or, for evergreens, protect [...]

For many years, shears have been the popular choice for trimming shrubs. Whether performed by a homeowner, a landscaper or an arborist, shearing is faster and easier, and it seems like the logical choice. The problem with electric shears is, [...]

At TCI EXPO ’24 in Baltimore, Maryland, we conducted a Pre-Conference workshop entitled Plant Health Care Pathways. This tripartite workshop included sessions on honing diagnostic and management skills, tree nutrition and soil management and pruning by the ANSI 300 standard. [...]

Conditions of concern may be defined as tree issues that the client and arborist perceive as unacceptable. In my experience, they usually fall into one or more of three categories. Typically, it is about structure, clearance and appearance. (Photo [...]